Land and Poverty in Reforming East Asia – Finance Dominique van de Walle
نویسنده
چکیده
B OTH CHINa and vietnam have made enormous progress in the fight against poverty, and the evidence suggests that rural economic growth has played a large role in this success. Using each country’s own definition of poverty, with a constant real poverty line over time, China’s poverty rate fell from more than 50 percent in 1981 to about 20 percent in 1991 and 5 percent in 2005. In vietnam, poverty fell from almost 60 percent to 20 percent during 1993–2004. land is the most important non-labor asset in any developing rural economy. The institutions determining how land is used are thus at the core of efforts to fight poverty. China and vietnam both have had major land reform programs. This article examines the role these major agrarian reforms played in the subsequent progress against poverty and searches for lessons for the future. We also look at what China might learn from vietnam’s different path in its land policies and what other countries can learn from these star performers. lessons include the importance of the agricultural sector in the early stages of a pro-poor growth process, the potential role of market-oriented reforms in absolute poverty reduction, and the need to address pressures spurring rising inequality as reforms get under way.
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